1
2
  -2024
.. 
 
(  )
: 3     : 100
:             
-
1.  .             

:
2.     
  ?   -    
-
3.          
4.      ?           
-
5. '        
     ,  
   '  '
2
2
6. '       '      
    '  
 -
7.      ?   ,       
8.        
  -2024
.. 
 
(  )
: 3     : 100
:             
-
1.  .             

:  .          
   
    ,    
      
   ,  ,         
3
2
                 
               
       
   ,   
  -            
   
        ,       
  
 ,      ,      
   ,        ,        
    
    .   
 . ,    ,        
         ,     ,  
              -  
     '  
  ,         ,  -    
                
 :
1.   (      )
2.   (         )
     
              
    ,             
    '   
1.    
o    
         
    
o   , ,     
 
 ,             
      
o             ,   
, ,    
4
2
2.  
o      
    ,   
   
o  ,  , ,     
  
o  ,           

      ,     
3.  
o    -            

 
o     -        
     
 
o  ,           ,
        
4.  
o          - 

 
o      , ,  ,   
   
o  ,       
     , 
      
     
                
   -       
1.  
o            
o  ,     ,        

 
o  ,    
    -  
 
2. -
o            
5
2
o    ,   ,      , 
 
        
o  ,            
   
3. -
o     
        
 
o  (  )           ' 
 
o  ,        -  
-    
     
       ,      
 
     :
   
     
    
     
       

                . 
               
               
,           
    
,      ,     
 
6
2
2.     
  ?   -    
:     
-
   , ,   -   
   
               
    ,      ,     
      ,        
  
 
    , -    '      ,
               , ,
             
                 
     
   
      :
1.  -     ,       

             
2.  -           ,  
, ,      
3.  -    ,          
               

   
            '  
-            :
1.   
    ,          
 
     
,          
              -
    ,        - '  
  
7
2
: -       -   
, 
               ,  
     '   
:
   
    
   
        
2.   
                 
       
       
            
   
          

:           ,  ' 
                 
    ,       

:
   
   
 '       
   ' 
3.   
            
       
 ,   '   ,  
   ,         ,   
  ,       ,       
 
   
:   ,        , ,
          ,     
    
:
 
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     
    
     
    
     ,         
      :
1.  
   ,           
         ,   
  ,              
      
:          
           
2.  
    ,         
 '                  
 

:              
         
3. - 
             
         ,        
   
:        ,        ,
           
   
          
 
     :
1.  :          
     
2.  :         
      
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3.  :       
     
    
4.  :             

5.  :     ,     
  

        ,         
      ()       () 
 -   -        - 
         
      
    ,    , 
       
  -    ,  
  ,                 
            
         
-
3.          
:   
  , ,              
  ,   ,        

          ,     
 ,         
     , 
   ,      
       , 
 ,              
  
        -    ,    ' ,   ,
               ' 
  ,   '         '    
10
2
   
1.   
             
    
   ; ,       
 ,           
  
          ,     
    
  
       '   
2.    (     )
  
            ,     
  
 ,   ,           
              ,  
,        ,         , 
    
3.       
   , ,   '        
     ,          
-        
    ,   
         ,   ,      ' 


4.        
      '   ,       
 : ,  ,         
             

:           
  ,           
  '      
5.        
    ()   () 
   
:             , 
      ,         
    
11
2
:                
        ,      
          
6.  -  '   
   -  '  ,    :
 :         
 :            
 
 :        
 :    (   )  
   
7.       
 :    ,          
  
  :  ,  -     ,  
       ,  ,  ,   
    ,   
        
8.           
           ;    '     
    
   :    ,       
         ,      
         
   :            
  ,            

9.    - 
     
 ,   -  :
      ,     '   -   '
       ,         
12
2
 ,             ,   
       
  ,      
         
10.       
 :  ,  ,         , 
     '  
 ,          
 : ,    
     
 ,    -      
   ,          

                   
        ,    ,       
        '       '   
  '    
       ,     ,   
       ,            - 
 , 
               
   
4.      ?           
:      
-
  ,      ,       
               ,  
 -             ,    
          , 
     
,            
  ?
  ,      ,        
   
      ,      ' 
13
2
    
            
  
  :
1. :        ,    
   
 
2. :         
   
   
3.  :        ,   ,  ,
 
4. :               '
 

5.  :  , ,        ,
               
  
   (   )
           :
1.  :
o -,         ' 
o  ,      
o :, ,  ,   (   )
2.  - :
o  ,       
o       
  
o :,  ,   (     
 )
3.  :
o           '
o           
o : ,  ,  
14
2
  ?
   ,              
,       
    ,      

  , ,   '    
  :
1.   
:   , ,   
   
2. -   :   ,       

3. -    : , ,      
4.  
 :  '         
5.      :  ,      ,
     , ,   
     
    
      :




     '  
 
  

   
     

     
     

 ,    ',
 
  -    ',
,   

     
     

      
 
        
     
 :         
  
           
  
         
15
2
 :              
            

    
  

  :        
     
      
  :           ,   
    

       
   ,             
   
      ,        
       ,       ,     
  ,        

              
,     ,          ,   
     ,         
   
     
 ,         
          ,    
       
-
5. '        
     ,  
   '  '
:         
 
                  '  

              ,  
  ,          '   ,    
,      ,        
 
               
    ,         ,  
              
16
2
    ,    
          
    
  
1.  -             ,   ,
    
2.   -             ,
    ,    ,     
3.  -     ,       
 ,     ,   ,    
4.   -          '   ,    
,     ,     
 
      ,      
        ,      
  
                 
             
  
1.  -      - '  ,     
,       
2.   -           ,     
 ,           
3.  -         ,    
 ,   ,   '    
4.       ,         ,  
    ,         
 
     
                 
    ,           
 
  ,     ,    ,     
      
1.        
17
2
o       ,     ,  
           ,      
   ,          

2.            
o           ,       
              
       -     
3. -         
o             , 
         ,      
   
4.           
o       ,     ,    
        ,         

           ?
    '         
,          :
 -             
 ,    
              
,    
            
,    

 ,          ,      
 :
              
,
   
                 
,       
18
2
         
       ,       
   ,             
       -     
    
1.   -           
 
2.    -           
        
 
3.  -    ,          
       
4.  -        
    
     

          '  
     
      ,    
       
         '   ,   ,  
   ,              
,             
   
          
6. '       '      
    '  
:          

              "
      ,"         
     
         , 
     
,          
        ,       
               
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2
   
         '     
 
          ,        
     ,    '     
; 
         
                
                   
               
   
          , ,      
       
       
1.     
o         ,       
    
o          ,   
       
 ,    
    
o  ,             
o :     ,     
 ,             
  
2.      
o      -       
      
o              
 
o    ,   
 ,     
   
o :           ,  
   
           
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3.    
o      
     
           ' 
  
o     ,    -  
     
 
o  ,          
o :    ,        
 
      
 
4.  ' 
o           , , 
    '    
o              
  
o :          ,   
             
      
       
1.    
o       ,     ,   
       
o      ,        
       
2.     
o         
  
   
o             
 
3.    
o            
    
21
2
o                
        
     
  (1789)
o  ( )           
    
o          ,   
       
  (, , )
o     ,        
 
o  ,           
      
o          
 
o               
   

               
   
             
       ,          
                
         '      
  
 ,    ,  ,   
,            
 -
7.      ?   ,       
:   ?
               , ,  
         
      
22
2
                  
,         
 -                
 ,                 ,
   ,      -      

    ,        :
1.   
2.  
3.  
  
           
    
   
  '    ,    ,         
   ,           
     :
  : ,    ,       
  :             
 :         
  :     
       

    :
       ,         
        
   '     ,         
 
      ,       
   
   
  
     
             
,      ,           
         
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 
           ,     
        '        
   
      '  '        
    :
  :     , , , ,     
 
  
 : ,           
    :         
 : ,         
  
   :
  -  -        
          
 
  (SC),   (ST),     (OBC)  
   ' -       
LGBTQ+            
 
                
   
 
       ,         
  
       , ,      
    
    :
 :          
  :          
  :       
  :           
  
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   :
-     
       
 (      )     
     
              
 
 ,         ,   
  
 
                  ,
    
 ,       
 ,            :
            ,    
     
         
 ,      
    
        ,   ,    
'   
     ,          
       ,     ,     
  

     
  ,       

           ,       

 ,          
      
  
,   ,   
     
      ,    
       
    , 
  
      ,        
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8.        
:        
-
   '              
       , -        
                 
                  
  ,            
 , 
   ,   ,  ,    
        
    
    
     ?
             
  ,
                 ,
   ,          ,    ,
 ,    
       ,       
         ,         '
 
    -       
     
                 
 :
1.   (1848-1923)
o   "   "    
o           ,    ,   
      
o        :
:,       '   
:            

o :              
 
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2.   (1858-1941)
o               :
    ()
   ()
o        '   
     
       
o :    , ,  ,    
'    
3.   (1876-1936)  "    "
o       ,       , 
 '  (   )    
o      ,         '
 ,          
o :           
          
    
       :
1.   
o        
   ,   
      
2.   
o      '  
;     
        
3.   
o   , ,       '  
 ,
        
4.      
o    -         ,  
 -      
     
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           ,  
 '    :
1.       
o              ,  
,    
    
o :     ,      
       
2.   '    
o        ,        , 
  ,     ,       

3.    
o   ,      ,    (    
 )     ,       
      
4.     

o        
        
 
o :        -    
     
       
        ,   -    
 :
1.    
o          ,  
     
o : ,         
    
2.    
o            , 
       
3.  
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o               
   (    - ,    )
4.  
o   ,  (,  , )      
   ,       

               
                  
 
         ,        
      ,      ,  
      
,             , 
  
              
    ,           
 
  
 ,              
  '    , ,         

            
:            ( )      
         , 
         